Top 5 Vintage South American Maps: Dive into South American History

South America’s rich history and geography have never been more captivating than with the help of vintage South American maps. These timeless maps of South America offer a glimpse into the past that reveals the evolution of the continent’s boundaries, the expansion of empires, and the changing perspectives of cartographers over the centuries. Exploring the history of South America is like opening a treasure chest. Each map is a piece of this puzzle, revealing secrets of the past. In this article, we’ll delve into South America’s top 5 vintage maps, each with its unique story and insights. Prepare to be transported back in time as we uncover the fascinating details hidden within these cartographic masterpieces of South American cities. 

Exploration of South America in the Ortelius Map (1570)

Abraham Ortelius, a Flemish cartographer, created one of the first modern atlases, “Theatrum Orbis Terrarum,” in 1570. This work included a detailed map of South America, reflecting the continent’s known features during the late 16th century. Ortelius’s map was revolutionary because it compiled information from various explorers and previous maps, offering a more accurate representation of the world. It was used by explorers, scholars, and navigators of the time, becoming an essential tool for further exploration and study. 

South American Map by Ortelius
Exploration of South America by Ortelius

The Ortelius Map signifies a period of increased European interest in the Americas and the beginning of more systematic mapping efforts. Ortelius’ map of the Americas originally appeared in his 1570 ‘Theatrum’, which was based on Gerard Mercator’s 1569 globe map. This is the third and final state, with an addressed shape of South America, the Solomon Islands, and new names, notably C. Mendocino with the northwest coast. The antique map of South America in his atlas was particularly significant, as it depicted the continent’s geographical features, such as coastlines, rivers, and mountain ranges, in a detailed and systematic manner. 

Major rivers like the Amazon and Paraná are clearly marked on his South American map. Smaller rivers and tributaries are also shown. The Andes mountains are prominently featured. Ortelius includes many peaks and mountain ranges. The map shows key cities and settlements of the time. Ports and harbours along the coastlines are noted. The map’s accuracy and level of detail made it an essential reference for further exploration and study, contributing to the growing European interest in the Americas and the development of more systematic mapping efforts.

Nicolas Sanson’s Map of South America in 1652

Nicolas Sanson, a well-known French cartographer from the 17th century, drew remarkable maps that greatly expanded European understanding of geography. His highly detailed South American map demonstrates his expertise and the quality of cartography at the time. Sanson’s map accurately depicts South America’s coastlines and reflects the continent’s complex structure, highlighting its various bays and capes. Major rivers such as the Amazon and Paraná are prominently depicted, including detailed maps of their streams. 

South America by Nicolas
South American Map by Nicolas

The Andes Mountains are portrayed well, which emphasizes their size and influence in defining the continent’s geography.  The Andes Mountains, stretching from the northern to the southern tip of the continent, are illustrated with remarkable accuracy, highlighting their significance as a natural barrier and their influence on climate and biodiversity. The map depicts the territorial claims of European countries, especially Spain and Portugal, who were battling for sovereignty over South American territory. Beyond geography, Sanson’s map provides insights into the cultural and economic dynamics of South America during the 17th century. It includes illustrations of indigenous communities, flora, and fauna and also offers a glimpse into the richness and diversity of the continent’s ecosystems. 

It also marks Indigenous territories, acknowledging the diverse cultural and political landscapes that existed prior to European colonization. Sanson’s use of advanced cartographic techniques set his maps apart. He relied on the latest data from explorers, navigators, and traders, ensuring a high degree of accuracy. It also includes detailed representations of key islands off the coast, such as the Falkland Islands and the Galápagos Islands. These islands played crucial roles in navigation, trade, and exploration during the period. 

Jaillot’s Antique Map of 1696

This captivating antique map, attributed to the renowned French cartographer Alexis-Hubert Jaillot, dates back to around 1696. Jaillot’s map offers a comprehensive view of the South American continent, with intricate details and a striking visual style that reflects the artistic sensibilities of the late 17th century. The map’s ornate borders, decorative elements, and the inclusion of mythical creatures and allegorical figures add to its charm and historical significance. It provides insight into the period’s metropolitan centers. Ports and harbors are emphasized, indicating the importance of marine trade and navigation

Vintage map of south america by Alexis-Hubert Jaillot
Alexis-Hubert Jaillot Map of 1696

This South American map by Jaillot depicts many islands off the coast of South America. The Caribbean islands and other nearby islands are included in different maps of South America. Coastal features like bays and capes are well-detailed. Major rivers, such as the Amazon and the Rio de la Plata, are prominently represented, together with their huge networks of tributaries. It demonstrates the complex nature of the continent’s river systems as described on old maps of America. The Andes mountains, which reach along the continent’s western boundary, are plainly visible. It highlights their imposing presence and geographic significance. The map also shows significant cities and communities from the late 17th century. 

However, vintage maps of South America, like Jaillot’s map, provide information on governmental boundaries, indigenous peoples’ cultural areas, and the strategic significance of coastal towns and trade routes. The map’s visual design, which includes elegant engravings, decorative features, and intricate depictions of the local flora and fauna, demonstrates Jaillet’s careful attention to detail. As a historical document, Jaillet’s map provides a snapshot of South America’s landscape and geopolitical dynamics during a transformative period in global history.

The Delisle Map in 1700

Guillaume Delisle, a French cartographer, created his South American map around 1700. He used a scientific approach to cartography that was ahead of his time. Delisle’s maps were known for their accuracy. They reflected updated geographic knowledge and the latest discoveries from explorers. His maps of South America show detailed coastlines, river systems, and mountain ranges. This information on the South American maps was based on data from various reliable sources.

Map of South America by Delisle in 1700
Delisle Map in 1700

Delisle’s map includes the Amazon and Orinoco rivers. It captures their extensive networks, vital for navigation and exploration. The Andes mountains are also prominently featured. Delisle paid considerable attention to their geographical expanse and impact on the surrounding regions. This level of detail was revolutionary on South American maps.  Delisle’s map highlights various regions and their boundaries. The borders between Spanish and Portuguese territories are defined. Indigenous territories are also marked. The map includes detailed notes on the geography and natural features of the land.

Delisle’s map shows many islands off the coast of South America. His South American map includes the Falkland Islands and the Galápagos Islands. Coastal features like bays and capes are well-detailed as on other South American maps. The map also features detailed annotations. These notes provide information about the terrain and climate. Delisle’s map is not just a visual tool but also an informative one. It reflects a deep understanding of South America’s geography. Delisle’s approach set a new standard in cartography. It helped future explorers and mapmakers produce more accurate maps. The Delisle Map of South America remains a significant historical document. It showcases the advancements in geographic knowledge during the early 18th century.

Exploration of South America by Jacques Chiquet (1719)

“L’Amerique Meridionale ou la Partie Meridionale des Indes Occidentales” is the title of a South American map created by Jacques Chiquet in 1719. The map depicts South America, which was considered part of the West Indies at the time. The map “L’Amerique Meridionale ou la Partie Meridionale des Indes Occidentales” offers a comprehensive view of South America and valuable insights into the political landscape of the early 18th century. 

L'Amerique Meridionale ou la Partie Meridionale des Indes Occidentales"
Chiquet Map in 1719 about South America

The map highlights the territorial divisions between the Spanish and Portuguese empires, with Spain controlling the western regions of the continent and Portugal claiming the eastern portion, including Brazil. This reflects the ongoing colonial rivalries that shaped the region during this period. At that time, South America was considered part of the West Indies, reflecting the European perspective of the New World. Chiquet’s map of South America is notable for its precise depiction of South American geography and its artistic elegance. It includes detailed illustrations of the continent’s coastline, major rivers, and mountain ranges, as well as intricate decorations that enhance its visual appeal. 

This antique South American map is a valuable artifact that offers insight into the cartographic practices and geographical understanding of the early 18th century. The interesting thing is that this South American map includes individuals dressed in indigenous costumes, as well as a scene depicting a maritime fight between a European galleon and local vessels. The text at the bottom of that ant map details Magellan’s discovery of the Magellan Straits in 1520.

Characteristics of Vintage South American Maps

  • Vintage South American maps are often produced using high-quality inks and printed on museum-grade, acid-free paper to ensure longevity and durability. 
  • Many original vintage South American maps are now rare and highly sought after by collectors, while reproductions allow wider access to these historical cartographic treasures.
  • Early maps often included mythical locations such as El Dorado, the legendary city of gold. These mythical places reflect the European fascination with the supposed riches and mysteries of the New World.
  • Colors were used to differentiate regions, territories, and significant features on South American maps. This not only helped in understanding political boundaries but also added an aesthetic appeal to the maps.
  • Many vintage South American maps provide detailed depictions of Indigenous territories and the names of native tribes, offering valuable insights into the cultural geography before extensive European colonization.
  • Early South American maps often included detailed annotations about the terrain, climate, and local resources. These notes offered a comprehensive view of South America, serving as both visual tools and informative documents.
Scroll to Top